Article Title：El Nino floods and culture change: A late Holocene flood history for the Rio Moquegua, southern Peru
Abstract：
The 1997-1998 Fl Nino generated large floods throughout southern Peru, especially in inland locations along Rio Moquegua. Using remote sensing, hydraulic modeling, field surveying, and stratigraphic analyses, we estimate the magnitude and frequency of this hood and determine a late Holocene flood history for mainstem and tributary sections, Modeling indicates a peak discharge of 450 m(3)/s for the 1998 hood, with an estimated recurrence interval between 50 and 100 yr. Flood deposits for two large events, dated to A.D. 690 and A.D. 1300, respectively, exist in a small tributary system. Tiwanaku site abandonment (ca, A,D, 1000) predates the younger flood, indicating that stratigraphically recognizable El Nino-driven floods were not a causal mechanism for abandonment. Although possessing three flood units, main-stem alluvium is considerably younger (< 320 C-14 yr B.P.) than tributary alluvium, evidencing the major channel widening and lateral reworking of the main stem.
Keywords: El Nino; floods; climate change; Andean archaeology
DOI: 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0431:ENOFAC>2.0.CO;2
Source：GEOLOGY
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