Article Title：Construction of underground works and tunnels in ancient Egypt
Abstract：
The Ancient Egyptian has an important role in developing the use of the underground especially in the construction of. tombs, warehouses, water passages, and tunnels which were used as accesses to tombs, worshipping rooms and the warehouses. These tunnels were constructed through rock cutting. The underground construction by the Ancient Egyptians was based upon engineering principles represented by the construction angle treatment of the different levels, the required height declination angles and the construction method itself, either by rock digging or stone construction. The great interest and attention given by the Ancient Egyptian to the eternity of the life after death provided the utmost impact to encourage a strong interest in the tomb architecture and in the philosophy of underground construction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: water passages; construction; architecture; declination; philosophy; pyramids; tombs; necropolis; Thebes limestone; Esna Shale
DOI: 10.1016/S0886-7798(02)00025-1
Source：TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
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