Philosophy

Philosophy

What do we measure when we measure aggression?

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Biological research on aggression is increasingly consulted for possible answers to the social problems of crime and violence. This paper reviews some contrasting approaches to the biological understanding of behavior-behavioral genetic, social-environmen

The importance of mathematical conceptualisation
Philosophy

The importance of mathematical conceptualisation

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Mathematicians typically invoke a wide range of reasons as to why their research is valuable. These reveal considerable differences between their personal images of mathematics. One of the most interesting of these concerns the relative importance accorde

Philosophy

The shame of being a man (Gender studies)

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'The shame of being a man--is there any better reason to write?' wonders Gilles Deleuze, and so do I. Here, I say that to write is not to free oneself from the shame of being a man. Writing might also be a way of meeting with shame, a coming into male s

Philosophy

Genes 'for' phenotypes: A modern history view

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We attempt to improve the understanding of the notion of a gene being 'for' a phenotypic trait or traits. Considering the implicit functional ascription of one thing being 'for' another, we submit a more restrictive version of 'gene for' talk. Accor

Philosophy

Complexity and verisimilitude: Realism for ecology

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When data are limited, simple models of complex ecological systems tend to wind up closer to the truth than more complex models of the same systems. This greater proximity to the truth, or verisimilitude, leads to greater predictive success. When more dat

Philosophy

The evolution of sex: Domains and explanatory pluralism

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The evolution of sexual reproduction is a striking case of explanatory pluralism, meaning that one needs to refer to more than one explanation in order to adequately account for it. I develop the concept a domain of phenomena in order to analysis this plu

Philosophy

A Kantian stance on the intentional stance

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I examine the way in which Daniel Dennett (1987, 1995) uses his 'intentional' and 'design' stances to make the claim that intentionality is derived from design. I suggest that Dennett is best understood as attempting to supply an objective, nonintenti

Philosophy

A two-tiered cognitive architecture for moral reasoning

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The view that moral cognition is subserved by a two-tiered architecture is defended: Moral reasoning is the result both of specialized, informationally encapsulated modules which automatically and effortlessly generate intuitions; and of general-purpose,

Philosophy

Semantic and structural problems in evolutionary ethics

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In A Defense of Evolutionary Ethics'' (1986), Robert J. Richards endeavors to explain how moral 'oughts' can be derived from the science of evolutionary biology without committing the dreaded naturalistic fallacy. First, Richards assumes that 'ought

Philosophy

Complexity, self-organization and selection

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Recent work on self organization promises an explanation of complex order which is independent of adaptation. Self-organizing systems are complex systems of simple units, projecting order as a consequence of localized and generally nonlinear interactions

Philosophy

Behavior as a social construction

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Behavior analysis is examined from a social constructionist perspective. Constructionism is first defined and contrasted with a generic positivistic image of science. Behavior analysis. especially the matching law, is then viewed from both perspectives. T

Philosophy

Metaphilosophy and relativism

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I am concerned with the metaphilosophical questions of how we are to proceed when doing philosophy, and whether there is more than one way of achieving our aim. These questions are tackled initially by an examination of the answers given by Richard Double