The history of spina bifida, hydrocephalus, paraplegia, and incontinence

2025-01-20 Classification：history Click()
Author：Smith, GK

Article Title：The history of spina bifida, hydrocephalus, paraplegia, and incontinence

Abstract：
This paper covers the history since ancient times of spins bifida (SB) and its main associated conditions, viz., hydrocephalus, paraplegia and incontinence. Particular stress has been placed on the ancient authors who recognised these conditions. The article concludes with the history of some general aspects of SB and the dilemmas in its treatment.

Keywords: history; spina bifida; hydrocephalus; paraplegia; incontinence

DOI: 10.1007/s003830000553

Source：PEDIATRIC SURGERY INTERNATIONAL

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