Article Title：Relationships between temperature and life history parameters of Muscidifurax zaraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Abstract：
The effect of temperature on various life history parameters of Muscidifuras zaraptor Kogan & Legner was determined to develop functions that could Le used for improving models of biological control, as well as to compare its response to temperature with other pteromalid species that occur in Alberta. Immature development was influenced by temperature and sex. Male development averaged 90% of the female developmental time. Immature development was >115 d at 15 degreesC, and declined to approximate to 13 d at 30 degreesC. Relative survival of immatures was lowest at 15 and 33 degreesC, and highest near 25 degreesC. The sex ratio of emerging parasitoids averaged 64% female for wasps reared on pupae of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) and Musca domestica (L.). Female longevity was highest at 20 degreesC, and decreased with both increasing and decreasing temperatures. Time to 50% progeny production decreased with increasing temperatures. Lifetime progeny production was lowest at 15 and 33 degreesC, and highest at 25 degreesC. The net reproductive rate and intrinsic I ate of increase were also lowest at 15 and 33 degreesC, whereas mean generation time declined with increasing temperature. Generation time of M. zaraptor was considerably longer at low temperatures compared with M. raptor and T. sarcophagae. This ma) explain why the seasonal activity of M zaraptor in Alberta is restricted to late July and early August, and also suggests that M. zaraptor may not be as effective for early season releases in Alberta compared with other pteromalid species.
Keywords: Muscidifurax zaraptor; Musca domestica; Stomoxys calcitrans; temperature; life history; biological control
DOI: 10.1603/0046-225X-30.1.147
Source：ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY
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