Article Title：Mycenaean culture - on the history of the concept of Mycenaean culture in the 19th century and on the concept of culture and civilization in Heinrich Schliemann's book publications
Abstract：Based on the 19th century publications evaluated in this article, Mycenaean features and objects were first linked to the concept of civilisation by H. Schliemann in 1878 and subsequently, in 1879, to a specific culture or civilisation by both A. Furtw & auml;ngler and G. Loeschcke, and F. Lenormant. In 1883, A. Milchh & ouml;fer introduced the term mykenische Cultur, which Schliemann used only in his last excavation report on Troy, published in 1891. Before that, in 1886, Furtw & auml;ngler and Loeschcke had used the terms mykenischer Culturkreis and mykenischer Kreis, and they had also written of a mykenisches Reich. In the same year, in his excavation report on Tiryns, Schliemann had still used the formulation tirynthische und mykenische Civilisation. In the archaeological publications considered here, the terms culture and civilisation were not explicitly defined. With regard to the use of the terms culture and civilisation both by Schliemann and by the colleagues who contributed to his books or who were cited by him, it is noticeable that both terms were apparently understood at least on the whole synonymously. An evaluation of the height of culture or height of civilisation can be found in passages by Schliemann and his colleagues, and in each case evolutionist ideas can be identified.
Keywords: archaeological concept of culture; History of research on the Aegean Bronze Age; Mycenaean Greece; Bronze Age Troy; Heinrich Schliemann
DOI: 10.1515/pz-2023-2042
Source：PRAEHISTORISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT
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