Article Title：From resultatives to evidentials: Multiple uses of the Perfect in Nakh-Daghestanian languages
Abstract：
The present study is devoted to the categories expressing the meaning of indirect evidence and, in addition, resultative and anterior meanings. In what follows, I discuss semantic characteristics and distribution of the verbal forms in three Nakh-Daghestanian languages - Archi (Lezgic), Bagvalal (Andic), and Dargwa (Dargwa) - that are traditionally labeled as Perfects. The overview of the domain of the study, material, and terminology is given in Section 1. Section 2 concerns characteristics of the Perfect in Bagvalal and Dargwa with special attention paid to the problem of how its different meanings/uses can be identified. Section 3 explores the range of meanings and distribution of indirect evidence forms in Archi; these forms exhibit many similarities with corresponding forms in areally and genetically unrelated languages. Data from Nakh-Daghestanian languages show that Perfects in these languages originate from the same lexical source, resemble each other in signaling that the speaker's statement is based on indirect evidence, either inferred or reported, but differ as to the additional uses they have. For this reason the rest of the study (section 4) is devoted to the discussion of a general problem of a possible range of uses of categories like these. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: evidentiality; perfect; anterior; resultative; grammaticalization
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00012-6
Source：JOURNAL OF PRAGMATICS
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