Article Title：Pitch targets and their realization: Evidence from Mandarin Chinese
Abstract：
In this paper, we propose a preliminary framework for accounting for certain surface F-o variations in speech. The framework consists of definitions for pitch targets and rules of their implementation. Pitch targets are defined as the smallest operable units associated with linguistically functional pitch units, and they are comparable to segmental phones. The implementation rules are based on possible articulatory constraints on the production of surface F-o contours. Due to these constraints, the implementation of a simple pitch target may result in surface F-o forms that only partially reflect the underlying pitch targets. We will also discuss possible implications of this framework on our understanding of various observed F-o patterns, including carryover and anticipatory variations, downstep, declination, and F-o peak alignment. Finally, we will consider possible interactions between local and non-local pitch targets. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: pitch targets; tone; pitch accents; F-0 contour; peak delay; articulatory constraint; downstep; declination; topic initiation
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-6393(00)00063-7
Source：SPEECH COMMUNICATION
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