Article Title：No and tampoco:: a pragmatic distinction in Spanish negation
Abstract：
Cases of variation between canonical and non-canonical negative forms are widespread across the world's languages. Typically, the difference between the forms is characterized as regulated by pragmatic factors, albeit fuzzy or undefined, such as emphasis: the non-canonical form conveys an emphatic meaning while the canonical form does not. In this paper I examine in depth one of these cases, heretofore unmentioned in the literature on negation: the distinction between the canonical negator no and non-canonical tampoco in mainly spoken Spanish. It is shown that the distinction between the two expressions is not regulated by emphasis at all, but instead constrained by a more specific set of pragmatic considerations. These are, first of all, the argumentatively de-realizing (Ducrot, Oswald, 1995. Les modificateurs derealisants. Journal of Pragmatics 24, 145-165 nature of tampoco versus the argumentative neutrality of no. And second, the special information-structural requirements of tampoco, requirements not shared by no: tampoco, as opposed to no, can only be used in denials of discourse-accessible propositions. From a theoretical perspective, the analysis illustrates how tools from modern pragmatic approaches can be employed to go beyond commonsense explanations based in intuitive notions like emphasis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Spanish; (canonical vs. non-canonical) negation; discourse accessibility; argumentative de-realization; tampoco; emphasis
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-2166(03)00057-2
Source：JOURNAL OF PRAGMATICS
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